Introduction Preventive andrology focuses on maintaining male reproductive and hormonal health throughout the lifespan. As men age, physiological changes increase the risk of sexual dysfunction, infertility, and chronic disease. Aging and Male Reproductive Health Age-related changes include declining testosterone levels, reduced sperm quality,

Introduction Male sexual dysfunction is a prevalent condition affecting men of all ages. It can impair self-esteem, relationships, and overall quality of life. Andrology provides a multidisciplinary framework for understanding and managing these disorders. Types of Sexual Dysfunction Common conditions include erectile dysfunction, premature ej

Introduction Hormonal regulation is fundamental to male development, reproductive function, and overall health. Andrology places particular emphasis on disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which controls testosterone production and spermatogenesis. Testosterone and Male Physiology Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone r

Introduction Male infertility is a significant global health issue, contributing to approximately half of all infertility cases among couples. It is defined as the inability to achieve conception due to male-related factors after a prolonged period of regular unprotected intercourse. Andrology provides the scientific foundation for understanding a

Introduction Andrology is a medical specialty dedicated to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of male reproductive and sexual health disorders. It focuses on conditions affecting the male reproductive organs, hormonal systems, and sexual function. While often considered the male counterpart of gynecology, andrology extends beyond reproduction to